How firms can profit from the sharing economy
Consumers now have the option of sharing more and more products via services like Uber and Airbnb, for example. New research finds that this sharing economy is actually good news for manufacturers.
“These past few years have seen an enormous growth in sharing,” said Baojun Jiang, assistant professor of marketing at Washington University in St. Louis’ Olin Business School. “There have been discussions in the popular press that found some companies were worried their customers were sharing products, so some of them might not buy the product anymore.
“So when should companies help facilitate the sharing, when should they not, and what should they do to respond to such a market?”
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To answer those questions, Jiang and coauthor Lin Tian from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics used an analytical framework to explore the effects of consumer-to-consumer product sharing. The researchers analyzed a firm’s best strategic responses, in terms of pricing and quality decisions, to the consumer’s product-sharing behavior.
[drizzle]They find that peer-to-peer sharing can be a win-win situation, with consumers being better off and firms making higher profits, especially for high-cost products such as cars or other major assets.
Two main effects appear to counterbalance each other.
“When consumers can share products, some of them may decide not to buy anymore,” Jiang says. “So the firm’s own customers may compete with the firm in this sharing market, cannibalizing some of the firm’s sales.
“But sharing can also have market-expansion effect, because some consumers may decide to buy the product because there is a sharing market—they would not have bought the product if there wasn’t a sharing market,” he says.
“Suppose I use the product, say a car, during weekends only, and I don’t use it during weekdays, because I take the bus to work on weekdays, but on weekends I need cars for recreational activities,” Jiang says. “I might not buy the car before. But now, I can buy the car, and when I don’t use it, I can rent it out and earn some income. In fact, I may even buy a better car or add some upgrade options, because I can also get a higher rental price if I have a better car with upgrades, which I can now afford. The sharing market actually makes the product more valuable to the firm’s customer.”
Jiang says product sharing among consumers will increase a firm’s profits if that firm strategically adjusts its product quality and price. Some have already realized the benefit of doing just that, and are actively embracing the new economic system.
“Many firms promote product sharing on their websites, informing the consumers that sharing is very easy and there isn’t too much risk but a lot of flexibility,” Jiang says. “Some manufacturers are actually partnering with the product-sharing platforms to reduce the hassle and transaction costs of sharing, because consumers will value the product more, knowing they can generate some income with it, thus, the consumers are less price-sensitive.”
sharing economy – The journal Management Science has accepted a paper on the for publication.
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