London, August 15, 2014 – The Carbon Tracker Initiative (CTI) today revealed some of the world’s most expensive future oil projects, which the biggest publicly listed oil companies are considering for development. Some of these projects require prices far exceeding today’s levels, and risk wasting $91 billion of investor cash over the next decade if taken into production. The projects are suggested as prime candidates for cancellation.
Following CTI’s carbon cost curve study published in May[i], institutional investors have been asking for more details and economic justification for projects that require high oil prices to succeed.
Capex exposure to highest risk oil projects
Today’s CTI research goes one step further than the May analysis, ranking oil majors according to their capex exposure to undeveloped, high cost projects, and revealing the highest risk projects.
To create shareholder value, oil majors need to reduce exposure to exploration projects requiring the highest oil prices, rather than solely pursue production volume. To help investors, CTI lists the top 20 undeveloped high-cost oil projects, by size. They are primarily a mix of Alberta oil sands and deep water projects in the Atlantic, representing $91 billion of capital (over the period 2014-25), which could be returned to shareholders rather than have oil firms gamble it away.
All the fields require at least $95 a barrel for sanction, and some need prices in excess of $150 per barrel. The global Brent oil benchmark has ranged between $99 bbl and $114 bbl over the past 12 months.
Investors are concerned about the levels of capital being sunk into oil projects
“Investors are concerned about the levels of capital being sunk into future fields by the oil sector, but are not getting answers on the economics of the projects from the companies,” said James Leaton, CTI’s research Director. “CTI has responded to demand for detail to enable shareholders to challenge where money is spent.”
The financial think-tank finds that BP plc (ADR) (NYSE:BP) (LON:BP), ConocoPhillips (NYSE:COP), Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE:XOM), Chevron Corporation (NYSE:CVX), Total SA (ADR) (NYSE:TOT), Eni SpA (ADR) (NYSE:E) (BIT:ENI) and Royal Dutch Shell plc (ADR) (NYSE:RDS.A) (NYSE:RDS.B) are considering investing $357 billion over the next decade to develop new production in costly and often technically-challenging projects, ranging from oil sands in Alberta, Canada, to deep water finds in the Gulf of Mexico and discoveries in the Arctic.
Both BP plc (ADR) (NYSE:BP) (LON:BP) and Total SA (ADR) (NYSE:TOT) are found to have particularly high exposure to deep water and ultra-deep water deposits through 2025, while ConocoPhillips is unusually exposed to Arctic projects. High carbon-emitting oil sands projects account for 27% and 26% respectively of Shell and Conoco’s potential high-cost development spend.
“This analysis demonstrates the worsening cost environment in the oil industry, and the extent to which producers are chasing volume over value at the expense of returns,” said Andrew Grant, CTI Analyst. “Investors will ask whether it is prudent for oil companies to bet on ever higher oil prices when they could be returning cash to shareholders.”
Oil majors cutting capex in oil projects
Recently, some oil majors have said their capex will either need to fall or stay flat over the next few years to compensate for dwindling returns. In the current, high-cost inflation environment with range-bound oil prices, investors are putting pressure on big oil to re-invest less cash on risky projects and return more to shareholders.
Some majors have started cutting already. In the oil sands sector so far this year, Total SA (ADR) (NYSE:TOT) and Suncor Energy Inc. (NYSE:SU) (TSE:SU) have shelved the $11bln Joslyn project[ii] and Royal Dutch Shell plc (ADR) (NYSE:RDS.A) (NYSE:RDS.B) put on hold its Pierre River project[iii]. Regarding deep-water projects, BP plc (ADR) (NYSE:BP) (LON:BP) has delayed/ cancelled its Mad Dog extension in the Gulf of Mexico[iv], and Chevron Corporation (NYSE:CVX) is reviewing its $10bln Rosebank project in the North Sea[v]. In the Arctic, Statoil and Eni SpA (ADR) (NYSE:E) (BIT:ENI) have deferred a decision on the $15.5bln Johan Castberg project[vi].
The study aims to alert institutional investors to the risks of investing in projects which depend on sustained high prices to make a return, and that are as a result exposed to a future double hit of falling oil prices and growing climate regulation in an increasingly carbon-constrained world.
Oil prices have collapsed as low as $40 per barrel
CTI showed in May that oil prices have collapsed as low as $40 per barrel twice in the last decade, while climate laws are tightening around the world, representing a big gamble for investors. Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the UN’s Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), said recently that the world now has 500 climate laws in 60 countries covering 80 percent of global emissions – a trend oil companies can ill afford to ignore.
The responses from Royal Dutch Shell plc (ADR) (NYSE:RDS.A) (NYSE:RDS.B) and Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE:XOM) to CTI’s work on stranded assets earlier this year show that these companies have not resolved the contradiction between their acceptance of the need to tackle climate change, and their irresponsible plans to spend billions on high-risk oil projects at the wrong end of the cost curve.
The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) recently found that the oil and gas sector has increased borrowing dramatically to cover spending and dividends. The EIA said a review of 127 companies across the globe found that they had increased net debt by $106bn in the year to March, in order to cover the surging costs of machinery and exploration, while still paying generous dividends at the same time. They also sold off a net $73bn of assets.[vii]
The new analysis can be reached at https://www.carbontracker.org/.
[i] CTI/ETA, Carbon Supply Cost Curves.
https://www.carbontracker.org/
[ii] http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/joslyn/article18914681/
[iii] http://business.financialpost.com/2014/02/12/shell-halts-work-on-pierre-river-oil-sands-mine-in-northern-alberta/?__lsa=3d7c-cd43
[iv] http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/19/bp-usa-offshore-idUSL2N0HE2V520130919
[v] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/10468111/Chevron-casts-doubt-on-10bn-North-Sea-oil-project.html
[vi] Statoil press release, “Need more time for Castberg”, 30 June 2014.
http://www.statoil.com/en/NewsAndMedia/News/2014/Pages/30Jun_JCmelding.aspx
[vii] http://www.eia.gov/finance/review/pdf/financial.pdf
