China’s Billionaires Overtake USA, 568 To 535, India Retains Top 3 by Hurun Report
DESPITE GLOBAL SLOWDOWN, 2188 BILLIONAIRES IN WORLD, UP 99 TO NEW RECORD
CHINESE BILLIONAIRES OVERTAKE USA, 568 TO 535, INDIA RETAINS TOP 3
JEFF BEZOS, 52, OF AMAZON STORMS UP 18 PLACES TO 4TH WITH US$53BN UP 24BN YOY
US PRESIDENTIAL HOPEFULS DONALD TRUMP AND MICHAEL BLOOMBERG UP US$5BN AND US$16BN TO US$6.5BN AND US$37BN. BLOOMBERG BREAKS INTO TOP 10.
[drizzle]BILL GATES AND WARREN BUFFETT ONE AND TWO IN WORLD, WEALTH DOWN 6% AND 11% TO US$80BN AND US68BN
CARLOS SLIM HELU LOSES US$33BN AND TOP 3 SPOT
BEIJING REPLACES NEW YORK TO BECOME THE BILLIONAIRE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD FOR FIRST TIME
LEADING AUTHORITY ON CHINA AND INDIA’S WEALTHY RELEASES HURUN GLOBAL RICH LIST 2016
- WORLD’S BILLIONAIRES GREW BY 99 TO 2188 INDIVIDUALS, NEW WORLD RECORD. 50% MORE THAN 2013.
- GOING UP: 1019 SAW WEALTH INCREASE + 311 NEW FACES. GOING DOWN: 729 SAW WEALTH DECREASE + 102 DROPPED OFF LAST YEAR’S LIST.
- CHINESE BILLIONAIRES OVERTAKE USA FOR FIRST TIME. CHINA AND USA WITH 568 AND 535 BILLIONAIRES MAKE UP HALF OF THE HURUN LIST. NUMBER OF CHINESE BILLIONAIRES GREW 80% SINCE 2013.
- INDIA CONSOLIDATES THIRD PLACE, UP 14 ON LAST YEAR TO 111 BILLIONAIRES.
- BILL GATES, 60, HOLDS ONTO TOP SPOT WITH US$80BN, DESPITE HAVING DONATED US$17BN TO PHILANTHROPY. WAY AHEAD OF WARREN BUFFET AND AMANCIO ORTEGA OF ZARA WITH US$68BN AND US$64BN.
- BEIJING BILLIONAIRE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. 5 CHINA CITIES MAKE TOP 10: BEIJING, HK, SHANGHAI, SHENZHEN AND HANGZHOU.
- GOOD YEAR FOR MANUFACTURING, PHARMA, INVESTMENTS AND TECH. BAD YEAR FOR ENERGY AND REAL ESTATE. TECH KEY SOURCE OF WEALTH FOR THIRD YEAR RUNNING, FOLLOWED BY REAL ESTATE, MANUFACTURING AND INVESTMENTS.
- CHINA leads with SELF-MADE WOMEN WITH 93 OF 124 self-made WOMEN IN WORLD.
- 630 BILLIONAIRES OF CHINESE ORIGIN, 29% OF HURUN LIST, MUCH HIGHER THAN 20% OF WORLD POPULATION. 470 FROM MAINLAND CHINA, 60 FROM HK, 56 FROM SE ASIA, 34 FROM CHINESE TAIPEI, 8 FROM USA AND 1 FROM CANADA AND FRANCE.
- TOTAL WEALTH JUMPED 9% TO US$7.3 TRILLION, MORE THAN COMBINED GDP OF GERMANY AND UK AND CLOSE TO HALF THAT OF USA.
- 275 OR 12.5% IMMIGRANT BILLIONAIRES, LED BY USA (52), UK (32) AND SWITZERLAND (27). WITH US$33BN, SERGEY BRIN OF GOOGLE IS THE RICHEST IMMIGRANT BILLIONAIRE.
- 47 SELF-MADE BELOW 40 YEARS. YOUNGEST ARE FOUNDERS OF SNAPCHAT EVAN SPIEGEL, 25, AND BOBBY MURPHY, 26, AND PAYMENT ECOSYSTEM PROVIDER STRIPES FOUNDERS JOHN COLLISON, 26, AND PATRICK COLLISON, 27.
- NEW ENTRIES
- RONY ABOVITZ, 44, OF VIRTUAL REALITY STARTUP MAGIC LEAP MAKES LIST FOR FIRST TIME WITH US$1.1 BN
- INDIA’S E-COMMERCE MAHARAJAS, SACHIN BANSAL, 34, AND BINNY BANSAL, 33, OF FLIPKART WITH US$1.4BN
- 22 INHERITED BELOW 40 YEARS.
- 23 FROM LAST YEAR’S LIST DIED.
- CHINESE STOCK EXCHANGES ATTRACTED MORE BILLIONAIRES THAN US, FOR THE FOURTH YEAR RUNNING.
(24 February 2016, Beijing, China) Hurun Report today released the Hurun Global Rich List 2016, a ranking of the US dollar billionaires currently found in the world. Wealth calculations are a snapshot of 15 January 2016. This is the fifth year of the ranking.
China’s billionaires overtake USA – The list at a glance
The Hurun Global Rich List 2016 ranked 2188 billionaires from 68 countries, up 99 from last year, in another record-breaking year for the world’s billionaires.
Total wealth increased by 9% to US$7.3 trillion, more than the GDP of Germany and the UK combined and coming close to half that of the USA.
729 individuals saw their wealth decrease. 102 dropped out of last year’s list. Russian billionaires lost US$130bn, on the back of a further 19% drop in the Russian Rouble and with lacklustre performance of mining, metals and energy.
The average age is 64, same as the last 2 years.69% are self-made.
Rupert Hoogewerf, Chairman and Chief Researcher of Hurun Report, said, “Despite its own slowdown and falling stockmarkets, China minted more new billionaires than any other country in the world last year, mainly on the back of new listings. Growth in billionaires for the rest of the world was held back by a slowdown in the global economy, the strengthening of the US dollar and the drop in oil prices. The number of billionaires, however, has jumped 50% since 2013.”
Top Ten – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
| Name | Net Worth US$Bn | % change | Main Source of Wealth | Age | Country of Residence | |
| 1- | Bill Gates | 80 | -6% | Investments | 60 | USA |
2 |
Warren Buffett | 68 | -11% | Berkshire Hathaway | 85 | USA |
| 3 |
Amancio Ortega | 64 | 16% | Zara | 79 | Spain |
| 4* | Jeff Bezos | 53 | 83% | Amazon | 52 | USA |
| 5 |
Carlos Slim Helu & family | 50 | -40% | America Movil | 76 | Mexico |
| 6 |
Mark Zuckerberg | 47 | 7% | 31 | USA | |
| 7 |
Larry Ellison | 46 | -15% | Oracle | 71 | USA |
| 8- | David Koch | 44 | 22% | Energy | 75 | USA |
| 8- | Charles Koch | 44 | 22% | Energy | 80 | USA |
| 10 |
Bernard Arnault | 37 | -18% | LVMH | 66 | France |
| 10* | Michael Bloomberg | 37 | 76% | Bloomberg | 73 | USA |
Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016
Rank increase yoy Rank decrease yoy – No Rank change yoy * New to Top 10
Bill Gates, 60, retains the Number 1 spot with a fortune of US$80bn. Gates becomes the first person alive today to have created a US$100bn fortune, having given away more than US$20bn to date. In January, he bought a new home near Seattle, a 6,000 sq metre property, for US$150 million.
Warren Buffett, 85, saw his wealth decrease by US$8bn or 11%, US$2.2bn of which was a donation to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Buffett has recently been buying into oil refiner Phillips 66. Interestingly, 99 percent of his wealth was earned after his 50th birthday.
Amancio Ortega, 79, is back in the top 3 this year. Inditex, the mother ship of Zara, closed January with its share price close to historic highs. Daughter Sandra Ortega Mera also makes the list with US$5.5bn, inherited from her mother.
Jeff Bezos, 52, shot into the Top 10 for the first time with a US$24bn or 83% increase in wealth to fourth spot with US$53bn on the back of a surge in Amazon shares. Together with Elon Musk of SpaceX and Tesla fame (US$8.8bn, up 38% to 134th place), Bezos has been making headlines for his space project: at the end of last year Bezos successfully launched and returned a booster and capsule from a suborbital flight. Bezos in 2013 purchased the Washington Post.
Carlos Slim Helu, 76, dropped out of Top 3 after losing 40% or US$33bn of his fortune, mainly on the back of big drops in America Movil and Mineras Fresco. The Mexican billionaire has built a museum in Mexico City to house his US$100 million collection of art.
Larry Ellison, 71, with US$47bn, saw his wealth drop by 15%, on the back of a reduction in Oracle’s stock price. Ellison has donated US$4m to the presidential campaign of Marco Rubio.
Mark Zuckerberg, at 31, the youngest member of the Top 10, has had a good year, seeing his wealth rise US$3bn to US$47bn. Zuckerberg made world headlines in December when he announced that he would donate 99% of his Facebook stock to a charity set up with wife Priscilla Chan.
Charles, 80, and David Koch, 75, retain their Top 10 spots on the back of a combined US$16bn increase in their wealth. Charles Koch is an important donor to the Republican presidential campaign.
With a net worth of US$37bn, Michael Bloomberg, 73, shot into the top 10 for the first time on the back of a rise in sales at his media group. Bloomberg is reported to be toying with the idea of running for President as an independent. He has donated US$1bn to John Hopkins University.
Where they live
The ‘Big Two’ are China and the USA with 568 and 535 billionaires respectively, amounting to almost half of the billionaires on the planet. India grew fast. Russia had another bad year.
Beijing is the new ‘Billionaire Capital of the World’, snatching the title from New York for the first time. 100 of the Hurun Billionaires live in the Beijing, up 32 from last year.
Where they live
| Country | No of billionaires | Change in No. of billionaires | City | Number of billionaires | Change in No. of Billionaires | |||
| 1 |
Greater China | 568 | 90 | 1 |
Beijing | 100 | 32 | |
| 2 |
USA | 535 | -2 | 2 |
New York | 95 | 4 | |
| 3- | India | 111 | 14 | 3 |
Moscow | 66 | -7 | |
| 4 |
Germany | 82 | 10 | 4 |
Hong Kong | 64 | -7 | |
| 4 |
UK | 82 | 2 | 5 |
Shanghai | 50 | 20 | |
| 6 |
Russia | 80 | -13 | 5- | London | 50 | 1 | |
| 7- | Switzerland | 66 | 6 | 7- | Shenzhen | 46 | 12 | |
| 8 |
France | 51 | 5 | 7 |
Mumbai | 45 | 5 | |
| 9 |
Brazil | 49 | -7 | 9 |
Hangzhou | 32 | 10 | |
| 10 |
Japan | 42 | -3 | 10 |
Paris | 30 | 0 | |
| 11 |
Italy | 37 | 10 | 11 |
Taipei | 23 | -10 | |
| 12- | Canada | 35 | -4 | 11 |
San Francisco | 28 | 2 | |
| 13- | Turkey | 34 | 1 | 11 |
Istanbul | 28 | -1 | |
| 14 |
Singapore | 32 | 6 | 14 |
Singapore | 27 | 5 | |
| 15 |
South Korea | 31 | -2 | 14 |
Seoul | 27 | -1 | |
| 16 |
Australia | 30 | -2 | 15 |
Tokyo | 26 | -2 | |
| 17 |
Thailand | 26 | -3 | 17 |
Sao Paulo | 24 | -6 | |
| 18 |
Spain | 21 | 2 | 17 |
Bangkok | 24 | -3 | |
| 19* | Philippines | 16 | 0 | 19 |
Los Angeles | 21 | -1 | |
| 19* | Sweden | 16 | +4 | 20- | New Delhi | 20 | 3 |
Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016
Rank increase yoy Rank decrease yoy – No Rank change yoy * New to Top 20
Greater China: Ranks No 1 with 568 billionaires, 90 more than last year. The combined net worth of the Chinese billionaires is US$1.4 trillion, similar to the GDP of Australia. Real Estate has generated most number of billionaires (117), followed by Manufacturing and Tech with 94 and 68 respectively. Led by Beijing, 5 Chinese cities make the top 10 cities for super wealth creators. Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hangzhou are home to 100, 64, 50, 46 and 32 billionaires respectively. Average age of the billionaires is 56. China is the number 1 in the world in terms of generating self-made billionaires akin to “rags to riches”. Wang Jianlin, 61, of Wanda was the richest Chinese with US$26bn, just ahead of Li Ka-shing, 87. Jack Ma, 51, of Alibaba was fourth with US$21bn.
USA: Ranks No 2 with 535 billionaires; 2 less than last year. Technology overtook investments to become the main source of wealth for American billionaires, followed by retail. Tech, investments and retail made up 122, 105 and 52 billionaires respectively. The combined wealth of the US billionaires was US$2.4 trillion, just a little less than the GDP of France. New York has the highest concentration of billionaires, with 93, followed by San Francisco and LA on 28 and 21 respectively. The USA is the world’s capital for immigrant billionaires, attracting 52 billionaires. 375 self-made and 160 inherited billionaires. USA added 33 new billionaires. Average age of US billionaires dropped to 60, primarily because of the death of 13 billionaires with an average age of 84.
India: Consolidates number 3 position.111 billionaires, 14 more than last year. Manufacturing, Pharma and Tech are the preferred sectors with 22, 20 and 15 billionaires respectively. Combined wealth of the Indian billionaires shot up by 16% to US$308bn. Average age is 64. Mumbai is headquarters to most of the Indian billionaires. Mukesh Ambani (US$26bn, rank 21) is the richest Indian.
Germany: rises to the no.4 spot with 83 billionaires, 11 more than 2015. With a net worth of US$36bn, Dieter Schwarz, 76, of Schwarz Group retains the top spot of the German billionaires. F&B, Tech and Retail are the most popular sectors with 17, 13 and 13 billionaires respectively. Bielefeld and Hamburg are the preferred cities with 8 billionaires each living there. Average is 65.
UK: Up one place to 4th with 82 billionaires, 2 more than last year. 6 new entrants, led by Mark Scheinberg, 41, of Poker Stars with a net worth of US$4.4bn. London is the overwhelming city of choice for 50 billionaires. Retail, Real estate and Manufacturing are the biggest wealth creators with 13, 13 and 7 billionaires respectively. UK billionaires have a combined wealth of US$267bn. Overall wealth of UK billionaires increased by 10%. Gerald Grosvenor & family and Indian origin SP Hinduja & family are the richest people living in the UK.
Russia: Drops to sixth position with 80 billionaires; 13 less than 2015. All are self-made. The most popular sectors are Energy and Real estate with 17 and 12 billionaires respectively. Moscow is home to 66 billionaires. Combined wealth of the Russian billionaires comes to US$234bn, down by US$130bn. Overall wealth of Russian billionaires declined by 36%.
Switzerland: 7th with 66 billionaires, 6 more than 2015. With 16 billionaires, Geneva is the No 1 city for billionaires in Switzerland. Preferred sectors are Pharma (with 15 billionaires) and manufacturing (with 13 billionaires). Combined wealth of the Swiss billionaires cumulates to US$226.3bn or 20%.
France: rose to 8th position with 51 billionaires, 5 more than 2015. Combined wealth of the French billionaires is US$300bn, 13% more than previous year. The preferred sector is luxury goods and F&B with 8 billionaires each. Home to 30 billionaires, Paris is the preferred city.
Brazil: 9th with 49 billionaires, 7 less than 2015. Combined wealth of the Brazilian billionaires totals US$146bn. Financial services is preferred industry with 10 billionaires followed by TMT and F&B with 5 each.
Japan: 10th with 42 billionaires, 3 less than 2015. Combined wealth of the Japanese billionaires cumulates to US$111bn. The preferred sector is TMT with 14 billionaires followed by retail with 9. Tokyo is the preferred city.
Young & Rich
There were 69 billionaires under 40, up by 29. Led by Wang Han, 28, China has the most (28), followed by USA (19). 21% are women, of which Elizabeth Holmes, 31, is the youngest.
47 are self-made with 22 inherited. It is worth mentioning that Bill Gates became a billionaire aged 31.
Billionaires self-made under 35 years – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
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Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Source of Wealth – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
TMT, Real estate, Manufacturing and Investments made up half of the main source of wealth for the billionaires. It has been a good year for Manufacturing, Pharma, Investments and Tech. It has been a bad year for Energy and Real Estate.
| Industry | No. of billionaires | Change in No. of billionaires | Richest person | Company | |
| 1- | TMT | 307 | 10 | Jeff Bezos | Amazon |
| 2- | Real Estate | 267 | -13 | Wang Jianlin & family | Wanda |
| 3- | Manufacturing | 241 | 22 | Georg Schaeffler | Schaeffler Group |
| 4- | Investments | 218 | 13 | Bill Gates | Microsoft |
| 5- | Retail | 175 | 1 | Amancio Ortega | Inditex |
| 6- | Food & Beverages | 160 | 4 | Forrest Mars Jr | Mars |
| 7- | Energy | 116 | -13 | Charles & David Koch | Koch Industry |
| 8- | Financial Services | 111 | -7 | Thomas Peterffy | Interactive Brokers |
| 9- | Pharmaceuticals | 106 | 17 | Dilip Shanghvi | Sun Pharma |
| 10 |
Automobile | 49 | 4 | Susanne Klatten | BMW |
| 11 |
Mining | 43 | -1 | Georgina Rinehart | Roy Hill Iron Ore Mine |
| 12 |
Logistics & Shipping | 41 | -6 | Jack Taylor & family | Enterprise rent a car |
| 13 |
Hospitality | 33 | 3 | Karl-Heinz Kipp | Hotel Eden Roc |
| 14* | Sports & Arts | 27 | – | Bernie Ecclestone & family | Formula One Group |
Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Rank increase yoy Rank decrease yoy * New Entry – No Rank change yoy
Technology Media and Telecom (TMT) produced the most billionaires – 307, accounting for 14% of the entire list. 39 were newcomers, coming from AirBnB, Kunlun Tech, Jetsen, Flipkart, MagicLeap and so on. Jeff Bezos replaced Larry Ellison for the first time in tech billionaires list.
The US has the most number of tech billionaires, followed by China. China is the only country that has added women billionaires (9 of them) in the tech space
Other Points to Note
Commodity price correction dragged down the wealth of metal & mining billionaires; Lakshmi Mittal, 65, lost US$7bn owing to iron ore price correction of 40% as per IMF commodity price data.
Carlos Slim lost US$30bn last year and slipped to 5th place mainly on the poor performance of his flagship companies America Movil, Grupo Financiero Inbursa, Impulsora del Desarrollo, Grupo Carso and Minera Frisco.
Three new billionaires in the top 100 list. Georg Schaeffler (US$20bn) of Schaeffler Group, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (US$15bn), King of Saudi Arabia, and Massimiliana Landini Aleotti & family (US$11bn), of Menarini Pharmaceuticals.
Kingdom Holding’s share price drove down Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud’s rank dropped 36 places to 54th.
Thomas Petterffy, 71, of Interactive Brokers, a discount broking firm, tops the list of richest individuals in the financial service sector with US$11bn wealth.
Women. 15% of the list or 315 women in total. The oldest are Yik-Chun Koo Wang, 98, co-founder of Johnson Electric, and Maria Franca Fisollo, 98, of Ferrero Rocher.
Migration good or bad? At a time when the world is debating on immigration, it is interesting to note that 275 or 12.5% of the billionaires are immigrants, led by 52 to the USA, 32 to the UK and 27 to Switzerland. With 56, China is the country producing most of the migrant billionaires, followed by Germany with 25 and India with 24. With US$33bn, Sergey Brin, 42, of Google is the wealthiest immigrant in the world.
Only Asia and Europe registered a growth in the total number of billionaires.
Richest Families: The Wal-mart and Koch Industries are the richest families in the Hurun Global Rich List 2016 with a cumulative net worth of US$123bn and US$104bn respectively. Mars family at US$72bn follows them.
Politically active. Charles and David Koch are active donors to the Republican Party. Donald Trump, US$6.5bn and Michael Bloomberg, US$37bn are either running for or thinking about running for US President. Former Prime Ministers include Silvio Berlusconi of Italy and Saad Hariri of Lebanon. 8 ruling royal families, including Saudi Arabia, Brunei, UAE, Morocco, Thailand, Qatar and Liechtenstein.
The Indian ‘Sam Walton’: Supported by the strong performance of his investments and also his flagship company Lulu hypermarket, MA Yousuf Ali increased with wealth by US$3bn or 82% to US$6bn.
123 billionaires own Fortune Global 500 companies, 76 from USA, 10 from China.
Oldest. The oldest billionaires on the list are 100 year old David Rockefeller Sr (US$1.5bn) followed by 99 year old billionaire investor Henry Hillman ($2.4bn).
23 billionaires from last year’s Hurun Global Rich List died. Average age of the death is 86. Subway co-founder Fred DeLuca died at the early age of 67.
The billionaire obituary – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
| Name | Company | Country | Age | Net Worth 2015 (US$Bn) |
| Fred DeLuca | Subway | USA | 67 | 2.6 |
| Richard Rainwater | Rainwater Investments | USA | 70 | 2.7 |
| Jassim Al Kharafi | The Kharafi Group | Kuwait | 74 | 1.5 |
| Susan Hirt Hagen | Erie Indemnity | USA | 77 | 1.9 |
| Peter Lewis | Progressive | USA | 81 | 1.3 |
| Donna MacMillan | Cargill | USA | 82 | 1.8 |
| Richard Scaife | Newsmax | USA | 82 | 1.3 |
| Maria Solari Falabella | SACI Falabella | Chile | 83 | 1.8 |
| Lee Seng Wee | Overseas China Banking Corp | Singapore | 84 | 1.5 |
| Alfred James Clark | Clark Enterprises | USA | 87 | 2.3 |
| Michele Ferrero | Ferrero Rocher | Monaco | 88 | 22 |
| Joe Jamail Jr | Joe Jamail Lawsuits | USA | 88 | 1.5 |
| William C Ford Sr | Ford Motor | USA | 89 | 1.2 |
| Hans Guido Riegel | Haribo | Germany | 90 | 2.7 |
| Heinz-Horst Deichmann | Deichmann | Germany | 90 | 2.6 |
| Karen Boyd | S.C Johnson | USA | 90 | 2.4 |
| Alfred Taubman | Taubman Centers | USA | 90 | 1.2 |
| Brijmohan Lall Munjal | Hero Group | India | 91 | 3.1 |
| Kenneth Adams Jr | Adams Resources & Energy | USA | 92 | 1.2 |
| Ingeburg Herz | Beiersdorf | Germany | 93 | 2.8 |
| Alberto Benavides | Buenaventura | Peru | 94 | 1 |
| Karl Wlaschek | Billa | Austria | 97 | 3 |
| Kirk Kerkorian | MGM Resorts | USA | 97 | 2.2 |
Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016
Chinese Diaspora: Where they live – Hurun Global Rich List
Chinese diaspora. 630 or 29% of billionaires are of Chinese origin, up 101 from 529 last year. Outside of Greater China, the Chinese diaspora are based predominantly in South East Asia, led by Singapore and Indonesia. Chinese make up 20% of the world’s population.
| Residence | No. of Billionaires |
| Mainland China | 470 (+74) |
| Hong Kong | 60 (-11) |
| Chinese Taipei | 34 (-14) |
| Singapore | 20 (+6) |
| Indonesia | 10 (-) |
| Malaysia | 10 (+3) |
| Philippines | 8 (+2) |
| Thailand | 8 (+3) |
| USA | 8 (-) |
| Canada | 1 (+1) |
| France | 1 (+1) |
| Total | 630 (+101) |
Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Trends in Number of Billionaires
The world’s billionaires have grown 50% since 2013, from 1453 to 2188. Over the same period, Mainland Chinese have grown 80%.
| Year | Cut-off to Hurun Global Rich List US$Bn | Total No. on List | Mainland Chinese on List | Greater Chinese on List | Mainlanders in Top 100 |
| 2012 | 100 | 83 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| 2013 | 10 | 1453 | 262 | 357 | 2 |
| 2014 | 10 | 1867 | 291 | 458 | 3 |
| 2015 | 10 | 2089 | 359 | 478 | 8 |
| 2016 | 10 | 2188 | 470 | 568 | 8 |
Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016
Measuring the degree to which Billionaires are Self-Made
Hurun Report measures the degree to which billionaires are inherited or self-made. The scorecard is out of five, where 1 is inherited and not active in business, and 5 is self-made without help from parents.
Self-made with a little help from parents was the most common route to becoming a billionaire. An example is Mark Zuckerberg, who was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, one of America’s best-known private high schools. Second was self-made without help from parents, most of whom are coming from China and the US. Third was inheriting a business and growing it into a much bigger entity, eg Rupert Murdoch.
China leads with self-made ‘5s’.
9% of the Self-Made ‘4s’ and ‘5s’ are female, whilst 70% of the ‘1s’ are female.
69% are self-made.
59 individuals, or 2.6%, are from the 4th generation or more.
Countries by Self-Made Scorecard
| Self-Made Scorecard | % of billionaires | TOP 3 Countries (with %. of billionaires) | Example |
| 5 | 34% | 1. China (66%) | Self-made without parental financial support eg Warren Buffett |
| 2. USA (11%) | |||
| 3. Chinese Taipei (3%) | |||
| 4 | 35% | 1. USA (38%) | Self-made, but with a helping hand from parents such as through private education, eg Mark Zuckerberg |
| 2. Russia (9%) | |||
| 3. India (6%) | |||
| 3 | 21% | 1. USA (21%) | Inherited financial independence, but grew it big time. |
| 2. India (10%) | |||
| 3. Germany (9%) | |||
| 2 | 7% | 1. USA (26%) | Inherited, but active in the business eg Liliane Bettencourt of L’Oreal |
| 2. China (13%) | |||
| 3. Chinese Taipei (4%) | |||
| 1 | 3% | 1. USA (32%), | Inherited and not actively involved in the business, eg Laurene Powell Jobs of Apple |
| 2. Brazil (9%) | |||
| 3. China (2%) |
Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016
Billionaires by Continent – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
35% of new billionaires reside in Asia. Asia is drawing away from North America with 207 new billionaires to take it to 1022 individuals, followed by North America with 584 billionaires and Europe 441.
Europe added US$253bn this year, 18% higher than that of last year.
South America lost US$37bn mainly on account of 21% correction of BOVESPA index and 35% depreciation of Brazilian Real.
Oceania is the only continent where a woman leads the billionaires’ list. (Georgina Rinehart, US$16bn).
With a cumulative net worth of US$84bn, Africa has 29 billionaires on the Hurun Global Rich List 2016. Aliko Dangote, 58, of Dangote Cements leads the pack with US$10bn.
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Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
European Union – A quick look
The EU has 344 billionaires this year. Average age of billionaires in the EU is 67, three years higher than the overall list.
Billionaires by EU country
| Country | No. of Billionaires | Average Age | Top Industry |
| Germany | 83 | 64.7 | Food & Beverages |
| UK | 82 | 66.1 | Real Estate |
| France | 51 | 67.9 | Food & Beverages |
| Italy | 37 | 68.1 | Retail |
| Spain | 21 | 68.5 | Real Estate |
| Austria | 13 | 66.5 | Packaging |
| Denmark | 14 | 61.5 | Manufacturing |
| Netherlands | 11 | 70.9 | Food & Beverages |
| Sweden | 16 | 66.9 | Investments |
Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016
Stats
The cut-off required for the Top 100 fell slightly, whilst for the Top 200, 500 and 1000 was up.
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Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Currency fluctuations
The US Dollar has strengthened again against most of the other major currencies.
Currency fluctuations against the US Dollar – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
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Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Stock Exchanges
China has more billionaires listed on its stock exchanges than the USA, leading with 393 compared with 239 billionaires listed in the USA. The Argentinean Stock Exchange (MERVAL) performed the best at 36%; Chinese Shenzhen had a good year, with a gain of 22%. NYSE returned a negative declined growth of -11% while London Stock Exchange returned a declined growth of -11%.
Companies that created most Billionaires – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Hyatt and Cargill has created more billionaires than any other company on the Hurun Global Rich List 2016, with 10 members of the extended Pritzker family (Hyatt), MacMillan (Cargill) and the Cargill family (Cargill) making the list, followed by Roche and Dr Oetker.
| Rank | Company | No. of Billionaires |
| 1 | Hyatt | 10 |
| 1 | Cargill | 10 |
| 3 | Roche | 9 |
| 4 | Dr Oetker | 8 |
| 5 | SC Johnson & Son | 7 |
| 5 | Wal-Mart | 7 |
| 7 | SACI Falabella | 5 |
| 7 | Infosys | 5 |
| 7 | Hennes & Mauritz | 5 |
| 7 | Estee Lauder | 5 |
| 7 | 5 |
Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Chinese Star Signs
Snakes did best on this year’s list again, followed by Horses and Oxen. Dragons had the worst year, dropping 0.65% and three places to sixth. Those born in the year of the Monkey, which started last month, had a good year, up one place to sixth.
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Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016
Table: Top 100 – Hurun Global Rich List 2016
| Rank | Rank Change | Name | Net Worth (US$Bn) | % change | Main Company | Age | Country of Residence |
| 1 | 0 | Bill Gates | 80 | -6% | Microsoft | 60 | USA |
| 2 | 1 | Warren Buffett | 68 | -11% | Berkshire Hathaway | 85 | USA |
| 3 | 1 | Amancio Ortega | 64 | 16% | Inditex | 79 | Spain |
| 4 | 18 | Jeff Bezos | 53 | 83% | Amazon | 52 | USA |
| 5 | -3 | Carlos Slim Helu & family | 50 | -40% | America Movil | 76 | Mexico |
| 6 | 1 | Mark Zuckerberg | 47 | 7% | 31 | USA | |
| 7 | -2 | Larry Ellison | 46 | -15% | Oracle | 71 | USA |
| 8 | 0 | David Koch | 44 | 22% | Koch Industries | 75 | USA |
| 8 | 0 | Charles Koch | 44 | 22% | Koch Industries | 80 | USA |
| 10 | -4 | Bernard Arnault | 37 | -18% | LVMH | 66 | France |
| 10 | 29 | Michael Bloomberg | 37 | 76% | Bloomberg | 73 | USA |
| 12 | -4 | Dieter Schwarz | 36 | 0% | Schwarz Group | 76 | Germany |
| 13 | 4 | Larry Page | 34 | 10% | 42 | USA | |
| 14 | 1 | Liliane Bettencourt | 33 | 0% | L’Oreal | 93 | France |
| 14 | 4 | Sergey Brin | 33 | 10% | 42 | USA | |
| 16 | -3 | Jim Walton | 31 | -9% | Wal-Mart | 67 | USA |
| 17 | -6 | Alice Walton | 30 | -14% | Wal-Mart | 66 | USA |
| 18 | -5 | Robson Walton | 29 | -15% | Wal-Mart | 71 | USA |
| 19 | 9 | Ingvar Kamprad & family | 28 | 8% | Ikea | 89 | Switzerland |
| 20 | 54 | Jorge Paulo Lemann | 27 | 93% | 3G Capital | 76 | Brazil |
| 21 | 12 | Wang Jianlin & family | 26 | 4% | Wanda | 61 | China |
| 21 | 20 | Mukesh Ambani | 26 | 30% | Reliance | 58 | India |
| 23 | -7 | Li Ka-shing | 25 | -22% | Cheung Kong | 87 | China |
| 23 | 11 | Bertrand Puech & family | 25 | 4% | Hermes | 79 | France |
| 23 | -12 | Christy Walton & family | 25 | -29% | Wal-Mart | 60 | USA |
| 23 | 1 | George Soros | 25 | -11% | Soros Fund Management | 85 | USA |
| 27 | 0 | Lee Shau Kee | 24 | -9% | Henderson Land | 87 | China |
| 27 | -9 | Gérard Mulliez & family | 24 | -20% | Auchan | 84 | France |
| 27 | 1 | Forrest Mars Jr | 24 | -8% | Mars | 85 | USA |
| 27 | 9 | Steve Ballmer | 24 | 9% | Microsoft | 60 | USA |
| 27 | 1 | John Mars | 24 | -8% | Mars | 81 | USA |
| 27 | 1 | Jacqueline Mars | 24 | -8% | Mars | 76 | USA |
| 33 | 3 | David Thomson & family | 23 | 5% | Thomson Reuters | 58 | Canada |
| 33 | 144 | Leonardo Del Vecchio | 23 | 21% | Luxottica | 80 | Italy |
| 33 | 11 | Phil Knight | 23 | 21% | Nike | 78 | USA |
| 36 | -2 | Jack Ma Yun & family | 21 | -14% | Alibaba, Ant Financial | 51 | China |
| 36 | -12 | Sheldon Adelson | 21 | -25% | Las Vegas Sands | 82 | USA |
| 38 | New | Georg Schaeffler | 20 | New | Schaeffler Group | 51 | Germany |
| 38 | -2 | Maria Franca Fissolo & family | 20 | -9% | Ferrero Rocher | 98 | Monaco |
| 38 | -16 | Carl Icahn | 20 | -31% | Icahn Enterprises | 79 | USA |
| 41 | 2 | Zong Qinghou & family | 19 | 0% | Wahaha | 70 | China |
| 41 | 12 | Pony Ma | 19 | 12% | Tencent | 44 | China |
| 41 | -17 | Stefan Persson | 19 | -32% | Hennes & Mauritz | 68 | Sweden |
| 41 | 53 | Anne Cox Chambers | 19 | 46% | Cox Enterprise | 96 | USA |
| 41 | 29 | Paul Allen | 19 | 36% | Vulcan | 63 | USA |
| 46 | -28 | Karl Albrecht Jr & family | 18 | -40% | Aldi Sud | 67 | Germany |
| 46 | 7 | Dilip Shanghvi | 18 | 6% | Sun Pharma | 59 | India |
| 48 | -1 | SP Hinduja & family | 16 | -11% | Hinduja Group | 81 | UK |
| 48 | -7 | Rinat Akhmetov | 16 | -20% | System Capital Management | 49 | Ukraine |
| 48 | 51 | Michael Dell | 16 | 33% | Dell | 50 | USA |
| 48 | 56 | Elaine Marshall & family | 16 | 45% | Koch Industries | 72 | USA |
| 48 | 51 | Ray Dalio | 16 | 39% | Bridgewater Associates | 66 | USA |
| 48 | 5 | Donald Bren | 16 | -6% | Irvine Company | 83 | USA |
| 54 | 170 | Galen Weston & family | 15 | 188% | George Weston | 75 | Canada |
| 54 | 20 | Serge Dassault & family | 15 | 7% | Dassault System | 90 | France |
| 54 | 6 | Michael Otto & family | 15 | -6% | Otto Group | 72 | Germany |
| 54 | -10 | Tadashi Yanai | 15 | -21% | Fast Retailing | 66 | Japan |
| 54 | New | Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud | 15 | New | – | 80 | Saudi Arabia |
| 54 | -36 | Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud | 15 | -50% | Kingdom Holding Company | 60 | Saudi Arabia |
| 54 | 20 | Gerald Grosvenor & family | 15 | 7% | Grosvenor | 64 | UK |
| 54 | -7 | Leonard Blavatnik | 15 | -17% | Lyondellbasell | 58 | UK |
| 62 | 12 | Lei Jun | 14 | 0% | Xiaomi Technology | 46 | China |
| 62 | 12 | Yan Hao | 14 | 0% | China Pacific Construction Croup | 30 | China |
| 62 | 267 | Thomas Peterffy | 14 | 324% | Interactive Brokers | 71 | USA |
| 62 | 4 | Abigail Johnson | 14 | -7% | Fidelity | 54 | USA |
| 62 | 12 | James Simons | 14 | 0% | Renaissance Technologies | 77 | USA |
| 62 | 12 | Ronald Perelman | 14 | 0% | Scientific Game | 73 | USA |
| 62 | -15 | Laurene Powell Jobs & family | 14 | -22% | Apple | 52 | USA |
| 69 | 30 | Joseph Safra | 13 | 8% | Grupo Safra | 77 | Brazil |
| 69 | -22 | Haji Hassanal Bolkiah | 13 | -28% | Brunei Investment Agency | 69 | Brunei |
| 69 | -22 | Li Yanhong & Ma Dongmin | 13 | -28% | Baidu | 47, 45 | China |
| 69 | -9 | Pallonji Mistry | 13 | -19% | Shapoorji Pallonji | 86 | India |
| 69 | 206 | Stefano Pessina | 13 | 132% | Walgreen | 74 | Monaco |
| 69 | 5 | Henry Sy & family | 13 | -7% | Sm Prime Holding | 91 | Philippines |
| 69 | 82 | Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi | 13 | 55% | Thai Beverage | 71 | Thailand |
| 69 | -22 | Charles Ergen | 13 | -28% | Dish Networks | 62 | USA |
| 69 | 68 | Stephen Schwarzman | 13 | 35% | Blackstone | 68 | USA |
| 78 | -18 | Georgina Rinehart | 12 | -25% | Roy Hill Iron Ore Mine | 61 | Australia |
| 78 | 26 | Emilio Alves Odebrecht & family | 12 | 9% | Odebrecht | – | Brazil |
| 78 | 123 | Marcel Herrmann Telles | 12 | 107% | 3G Capital | 65 | Brazil |
| 78 | -12 | Susanne Klatten | 12 | -20% | BMW | 54 | Germany |
| 78 | 26 | Shiv Nadar | 12 | 9% | HCL | 70 | India |
| 78 | -25 | Masayoshi Son | 12 | -29% | Softbank | 60 | Japan |
| 78 | 104 | Charlene Carvalho | 12 | 9% | Heineken | 61 | Netherlands |
| 78 | -18 | Viktor Vekselberg | 12 | -25% | Renova | 59 | Russia |
| 78 | 42 | Gennady Timchenko | 12 | 20% | Gunvor | 63 | Switzerland |
| 78 | 21 | Ernesto Bertarelli & family | 12 | 0% | Serono | 50 | Switzerland |
| 78 | -4 | Bhumibol Adulyadej | 12 | -14% | CPB Holdings | 88 | Thailand |
| 78 | -4 | Patrick Soon-Shiong | 12 | -14% | Nant Works | 63 | USA |
| 90 | 87 | Xu Jiayin | 11 | 64% | Evergrande | 57 | China |
| 90 | 4 | Stefan Quandt | 11 | -15% | BMW | 49 | Germany |
| 90 | New | Massimiliana Landini Aleotti & family | 11 | New | Menarini | 72 | Italy |
| 90 | -30 | Vladimir Potanin | 11 | -31% | Interros | 55 | Russia |
| 90 | 14 | Lee Kun Hee | 11 | 0% | Samsung | 74 | South Korea |
| 90 | -24 | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | 11 | -27% | SBK Holdings | 67 | UAE |
| 90 | 14 | Hans Rausing | 11 | 0% | Tetra Pak | 90 | UK |
| 90 | 95 | Andrew Beal | 11 | 69% | Beal Bank | 63 | USA |
| 90 | 69 | John Menard Jr | 11 | 51% | Menards | 75 | USA |
| 90 | 44 | Steve Cohen | 11 | 12% | Sac Capital | 59 | USA |
| 90 | 14 | Jack Taylor & family | 11 | 0% | Enterprise Rent A Car | 93 | USA |
For the full list, see www.hurun.net
About Hurun Report Inc.
Nobody Knows China’s Rich Better!
Established as a research unit in 1999 by British accountant Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report Inc. has grown into a leading media and research house based in Shanghai, China, best-known for its rankings of the richest people in China, India and the rest of the world.
Hurun Report Inc. has four divisions: Hurun Report Media, a stable of digital media and four magazines; Hurun Research Institute; Hurun Conferences, an active events division targeting entrepreneurs and high net worth individuals; and Hurun Investments, a US$20m early stage venture capital fund with investments into tech, media, retail and education. .
For further information, see www.hurun.net
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